DCAD ni iki?

DCAD (Dietary Cation-Anion Difference) ni igipimo gipima itandukaniro ry’ingufu hagati y’ibiryo by’ingenzi bya cations n’ibinyampeke, bigaragazwa mu buryo bwa milliequivalents kuri kilogarama y’ibintu byumye (mEq/kg DM). Aho gupima intungamubiri imwe, DCAD igaragaza ingaruka z’indyo ku buringanire bwa aside-base y’inyamaswa nyuma yo kugogora no kwinjiza, bigatuma iba igikoresho cy’ingenzi cyo gusuzuma no gucunga imirire y’inyamaswa z’inka.

Amafilimi abiri akunze gukoreshwa mu kubara DCAD:

Byoroshye (bikunze kugaragara): DCAD = (Na⁺ + K⁺) - (Cl⁻ + S²⁻)

Yagutse (harimo Ca, Mg, P): DCAD = (Na⁺ + K⁺ + Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺) - (Cl⁻ + S²⁻ + P)

Mu by’ukuri, sodiyumu, potasiyumu, koloride, na sulfure ni byo byiganjemo, bityo formula yoroshye ni yo ikoreshwa cyane. Buri iyoni ibanza guhindurwamo miliequivalents (mEq) mbere yo gusimburwa. Ibisubizo bisobanurwa gutya:

Agaciro keza: Indyo ikunda cation (alkaline), ikwiriye inka zonsa cyangwa zishyushye;

Agaciro kabi: Indyo igizwe n'aside nyinshi (aside), ikwiriye inka zumye hafi kugira ngo ifashe mu kwirinda kubura kwa calcium nyuma yo kubyara.

Kuki DCAD ari ingenzi?

DCAD ni imwe mu nkunga zikomeye mu micungire y'imirire y'amatungo y'inka, igira ingaruka ku mikorere n'ubuzima bw'amatungo:

Ingano y'aside n'ishingiro:igena pH y'amaraso n'amazi yo mu mubiri, ikaba ari yo ishingira ku ngaruka zose z'umubiri;
Gufata ibintu byumye (DMI):DCAD nziza iteza imbere ibyo kurya by’inka kandi igahaza ingufu zisabwa n’inka zitanga umusaruro mwinshi;
Guteka inyama zo mu rugo:igenzura uburyo pH y'uruhu ihagaze n'uburyo fibre igogora, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa rya acetate (ikintu kibanziriza amavuta y'amata);
Ihinduka rya kalisiyumu:ihindura uburyo kalisiyumu ikwirakwira mu magufwa binyuze mu kugenzura aside-base, bifitanye isano rya hafi no kugabanuka kwa kalisiyumu nyuma yo kuvuka (ifu y'amata);
Imyororokere n'ubuzima:Gucunga neza aside-base nyuma yo kubyara bigabanya indwara ziterwa n'imikorere y'umubiri kandi bigafasha mu mikorere y'imyororokere nyuma yaho.

Incamake y'ingenzi: Ibisabwa na DCAD biratandukanye cyane mu byiciro bitandukanye by'umubiri - abahanga mu by'imirire bagomba guhindura indyo hakurikijwe ibyo indyo isaba.

Imbonerahamwe ya 1. Ibisabwa na DCAD n'Imikorere hakurikijwe Icyiciro

Urugendo	Intego ya DCAD	Imirimo y'ibanze
Guhagarika imisemburo / Ubushyuhe	+250 ~ +450 mEq/kg DM	Gutera imbaraga mu nda, gushimangira pH; kongera DMI na fibre digestibility; kongera umusaruro wa acetate, ibinure by'amata, n'umusaruro w'amata
Igihe cy'izuba cyo mu gihe cyo kubyara / Igihe cy'izuba cyo hafi	Hasi cyangwa hasi (−50 ~ +100)	Bitera aside yoroshye mu mikorere y'umubiri; bitera imbaraga zo guteranya calcium mu magufwa; bikumira indwara yo kubura kwa calcium nyuma yo kubyara (amata); binoza uburyo bwo kurya ibiryo nyuma yo kubyara no konsa.

Itegeko rigenga: HEJURU ku nka zonsa, Hepfo ku nka zirera hafi.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha DCAD mu gucunga ibintu

Gucunga DCAD bishingira ku guhindura ubwinshi bw'ibiryo bya cations n'ibinyamisogwe mu ndyo: kongeramo ibintu bikungahaye kuri cations byongera agaciro; kongeramo ibintu bikungahaye kuri anions bigabanya agaciro kabyo. Amahame akurikira agomba kuyobora uburyo bwo gukora:

Shyira imbere isuku y'ibikubiye mu bikoresho:amasoko afite isuku nyinshi agabanya ioni itagira igaruriro iva mu myanda;
Komeza Cl na S biri hasi mugihe wongera DCAD:umunyu wa potasiyumu na sodiyumu ukoreshwa mu kuzamura DCAD ugomba kuba ufite chloride cyangwa sulfate nkeya, bitabaye ibyo byakongera agaciro kabyo;
Hubaha imipaka yose y'ibiribwa bya sulfur:Umunyu wa sulfate ukoreshwa mu kugabanya DCAD ugomba kuringanizwa n'umusaruro wose wa S - sulfate irenze urugero igabanya uburyo ibiryo byinjira kandi ikabangamira uburyo umuringa winjiramo;
Uhuze n'isoko risanzwe rya kalisiyumu:Umunyu wa anionic ukunze gukoreshwa hamwe na limestone cyangwa dicalcium phosphate aho gukoreshwa nk'umusimbura wuzuye.

Imbonerahamwe ya 2. Ibyerekezo bibiri byo gukoresha DCAD mu buryo bunyuranye

Icyerekezo	Ibikoresho byongewemo	Uburyo
Kongera DCAD	Umunyu wa K na Na (karubonate, bicarbonates)	Aside rumen itera imbaraga; yongera electrolytes; itera imbaraga pH rumen; yongera umusaruro wa acetate; yongera pH mu maraso
DCAD yo hasi	Umunyu wa Anionic (sulfate, kloride)	Koroshya indyo; gutera aside mu buryo bworoheje; gukora ku buryo amagufwa arushaho gutera imbere; kubaka ububiko bwa calcium mbere yo korora

Ibikoresho byacu byo gucunga DCAD

Dutanga ibintu bine by’ubutare bufite isuku nyinshi bikubiyemo icyerekezo cyombi cyo gukoresha DCAD:

Imbonerahamwe ya 3. Incamake y'ibicuruzwa bya DCAD

Igicuruzwa	Ifishi y'ifishi	Icyerekezo	Imikorere y'ibanze
Potasiyumu Karubonati	K₂CO₃	Kuzamura	Isoko ya K yuzuye kandi isuku; igabanya ururenda rw'umuhondo; yongera acetate n'ibinure by'amata; ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kirwanya ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko
Sodiyumu Bikarubonate (soda yo guteka)	NaHCO₃	Kuzamura	Ifu ya kera ya rumen buffer na Na source; ikomeza pH ya rumen; irinda igogorwa rya fibre
Kalisiyumu Sulfate ishingiye ku binyabuzima	CaSO₄	Hasi	Umunyu w’amoniki ukoreshwa mu gukora Ca + S; indyo ya hafi idafite DCAD nyinshi; irinda umuriro w’amata
Sulfate ya Manyeziyumu	MgSO₄	Hasi	Umunyu wa aniyonike + isoko ya Mg; bigabanya DCAD mu gihe byongera Mg; birinda hypomagnesemia

Potasiyumu Karubonati (K₂CO₃)

Ubuziranenge buri hejuru cyane (≥99%), bufite chloride nke na sulfate — nta binyabutabire bitera umusaruro byagabanya DCAD;
Nk'isoko ikomeye ya cation, yongera cyane DCAD mu gihe yongera imbaraga mu gifu, yongera ubushobozi bwo kugogora fibre, kandi yongera umusaruro wa acetate, yongera mu buryo butaziguye igipimo cy'ibinure by'amata n'umusaruro w'ibinure by'amata;
Ikintu cy'ingenzi muri gahunda z'imirire zishingiye ku bushyuhe bw'impeshyi; akenshi bivangwa na sodium bicarbonate na magnesium oxide kugira ngo bikore uburyo bwuzuye bwo gufunga ururenda rw'imbwa;
Ibyifuzwa ni ugushyiramo: 100–250 g/umutwe/ku munsi ku nka zororoka cyane; kugeza kuri 300 g/umutwe/ku munsi y’ubushyuhe bukabije. Intego: indyo K 1.5–1.8% DM; DCAD +300 kugeza +450 mEq/kg DM.

Sodiyumu Bikarubonate / Soda yo guteka (NaHCO₃)

Ifu y’urumogi n’isoko ya sodium isanzweho igabanya vuba aside y’urumogi, ikarinda igogorwa ry’ibinure no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara aside y’urumogi (SARA);
Ifasha mu gukwirakwiza cation, ishyigikira ubwiyongere bwa DCAD n'uburinganire muri rusange bwa electrolyte;
Ikwiriye indyo yuzuyemo ibintu byinshi, konsa cyane, no mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi; akenshi ivanze na potasiyumu karubone kugira ngo irusheho kuba nziza.

Kalisiyumu Sulfate ishingiye ku binyabuzima (CaSO₄)

Bikomoka ku binyabuzima; bitanga ishonga ihamye, ubuziranenge bwinshi, n'urugero ruto rw'umwanda - umunyu w'amoniki ufite imikorere ibiri utanga kalisiyumu na sulfure;
Yagenewe indyo ya hafi idafite DCAD nyinshi: gutera aside mu mirire bitera imbaraga zo gushyira kalisiyumu mu mubiri, bigatuma inka zubaka ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kugenzura kalisiyumu mbere yo kubyara no gukumira neza indwara yo kubura kalisiyumu nyuma yo kubyara (amata fever);
Muri icyo gihe itanga sulfur mu gukora poroteyine ya mikorobe zo mu rumen no guhinga fibre; byagaragaye ko byongera ubwiza bw'ibishyimbo by'inkoko mu gukoresha.

Sulfate ya Manyeziyumu (MgSO₄)

Ivanga umunyu wa aniyonike n'isoko ya manyeziyumu mu kintu kimwe — igabanya DCAD mu gihe itanga manyeziyumu mu ndyo ku buryo bunoze;
Manyeziyumu ni ingenzi cyane mu mikorere y'imitsi kandi ikaba ari ingenzi mu mikorere myinshi ya enzymes; cyane cyane muri gahunda zo kwirinda indwara y'ibicurane nyuma yo kubyara no mu gukumira indwara ya tetany y'ibyatsi (hypomagnesemia);
Sulfure yose mu biribwa — harimo n’inyunganiramirire ituruka ku masoko yose ya sulfate — igomba gukurikiranwa kandi muri rusange ikabikwa kuri 0.4% DM cyangwa munsi yayo kugira ngo hirindwe ko yafatwa cyane, bishobora kubangamira uburyo umuringa winjizwamo n’uburyo ukoreshwa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Q1: DCAD ni iki mu by'ukuri? Ushobora kubisobanura mu magambo yumvikana?

Yego. Ni umubare gusa ukubwira niba indyo yawe ifite cations nyinshi (sodium, potasiyumu) cyangwa anions (chlorine, sulfur). Uwo mubare ugira ingaruka kuri pH y'amaraso y'inka. Kandi iyo pH y'amaraso igabanutse, ubona ibibazo mu kurya, mu igogora, mu musaruro w'amata, ndetse no niba inka ishobora guhagarara nyuma yo kubyara. Rero ni ikibazo gikomeye.

Ikibazo cya 2: Ese inka zumye n'inka zonsa zikenera urwego rwa DCAD rutandukanye?

Bitandukanye rwose.

Ku nka zororerwamo amata (cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bw'impeshyi), ukeneye DCAD iri hejuru - hagati ya +250 na +450 mEq/kg DM. Ibyo bituma pH y'igifu cy'imbwa iguma ihamye, bikazifasha kurya byinshi, gusya fibre neza, kandi bikongera ibinure by'amata.

Ku nka zumye hafi (ibyumweru bike mbere yo kubyara), uba ushaka ko inka ifite DCAD nke, ndetse na negatif. Ibyo bitera asideosis nto ituma inka ikura calcium mu magufwa yayo mbere y'igihe, bityo ntizarwara indwara y'amata nyuma yo kubyara.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: ni nyinshi mu konsa, ni nke mu gihe cyo kuma - ntuzivange.

Q3: Ni ibihe bicuruzwa bya DCAD SUSTAR itanga?

Dufite ibintu bine by’imyunyu ngugu bifite isuku nyinshi, bikubiyemo icyerekezo cyombi:

Guteza imbere DCAD:

Karubone ya potasiyumu (K₂CO₃) na bicarbonate ya sodiyumu (baking soda). Karubone ya potasiyumu yacu ni ≥99% nta kloride cyangwa sulfate irimo, bityo ntabwo izakuraho ingaruka.

Kugira ngo ugabanye DCAD:

Sulfate ya Kalisiyumu (CaSO₄) na sulfate ya Manyeziyumu (MgSO₄). Iyi ni umunyu wa aniyone utuma indyo irushaho kuba nziza kandi ugatera ubwiyongere bwa kalisiyumu. Sulfate ya Kalisiyumu kandi itanga kalisiyumu na sulfate, naho sulfate ya Manyeziyumu igatanga manyeziyumu yiyongereyeho kugira ngo hirindwe indwara ya tetany y’ibyatsi.

Byose uko ari bine ni ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa n'ibigo byinshi bikomeye byo kugaburira abaguzi.

Q4: Ni karuboneti ya potasiyumu ingana iki nkwiye kugaburira, kandi ni iyihe ntego?

Ku bahinzi benshi, tanga 100–250 g/umuntu ku munsi, na 300 g mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bukabije. Shaka potasiyumu ku biribwa biri hagati ya 1.5–1.8% by’ibintu byumye na DCAD hagati ya +300 na +450. Potasiyumu karubone yacu ni nziza cyane, bityo urushaho kuyikoresha nta kloride cyangwa sulfate idakenewe bikurura agaciro gake – ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi.

Q5: Hari uburyo bwo kwitondera iyo ukoresha sulfates kugira ngo ugabanye DCAD?

Yego – komeza sulfure yose (ituruka ku masoko yose ya sulfure) ku kigero cya 0.4% cyangwa munsi yayo. Hejuru y'ibyo, inka zirya bike kandi umuringa ufata ukagabanuka. Kalisiyumu sulfure yacu ishingiye ku binyabuzima irashonga buhoro buhoro kandi ikagira umwanda muke, bityo biroroshye kuyigenzura.

Q6: Ese mutanga inama ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire, cyangwa mugurisha ibikoresho fatizo gusa?

Tubikora byombi. Dukorana n'inzobere mu by'imirire muri kaminuza kandi dushobora gufasha mu guhuza inama, kongeramo ibipimo, no kwirinda kwanga amabuye y'agaciro.

Twakoranye na CP Group, Cargill, DSM, ADM, Nutreco, New Hope, Haid, Tongwei, n'izindi sosiyete nyinshi 100 zikomeye mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo - bityo inkunga ya tekiniki ni kimwe mu bigize iyi gahunda.