I. Inkomoko y'Ikoreshwa
Kalisiyumu 2-hydroxy-4- (methylthio)butyrate (HMTBa-Ca) ni umunyu wa kalisiyumu ukomoka kuri methionine hydroxy analogue (izina rya shimi: Kalisiyumu bis (2-hydroxy-4- (methylthio)butyrate)). Ntabwo itanga imiterere ya amino irimo azote mu buryo butaziguye ahubwo itanga urugingo rwa methionine carbon mu buryo bwa hydroxy analogue. Ihinduka mu buryo bwa metabolic mu mubiri kugira ngo ikore L-methionine ikora mu buryo bwa biology, igira uruhare mu gukora poroteyine no mu mikorere itandukanye ya metabolic.
Methionine ni imwe muri aside amine zikunze kugabanya ubushyuhe mu biryo by'amatungo n'inkoko, cyane cyane ikunze kubura indyo ishingiye ku bigori n'ibishyimbo bya soya. Kugira ngo amatungo yuzuze ibisabwa mu mirire ya methionine, DL-methionine yakunze kongerwa mu biryo. Ariko, methionine hydroxy analogues hamwe n'umunyu wa kalisiyumu wayo bigenda byitabwaho buhoro buhoro nk'isoko nshya ya methionine. Ugereranyije na DL-methionine, HMTBa-Ca itanga ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza mu bushyuhe no gutunganya, bigatuma irushaho kuba nziza mu kubika intungamubiri mu gihe cyo gushyira ibiryo mu mavuta no mu gihe cyo kubitunganya mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (EFSA) cyakoze isuzuma ryimbitse ku mutekano n’ubushobozi bwa HMTBa n’umunyu wayo wa kalisiyumu, byemeza umutekano wayo nk’inyongera ku biryo by’inyamaswa zose. Ntisiga ibisigazwa mu nyamaswa cyangwa mu bicuruzwa kandi nta ngaruka zikomeye ziterwa n’ibidukikije, bitanga ubufasha mu mategeko ku ikoreshwa ryayo mu mirire y’inyamaswa.
II. Ingaruka zo gukoresha
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwagaragaje ko HMTBa-Ca, nk'isoko ya methionine, ishobora kunoza imikorere y'amatungo no gukoresha neza intungamubiri. Mu ngurube, inkoko, n'inyamaswa zo mu mazi, kongera HMTBa-Ca bishobora kongera ubwiyongere bw'ibiribwa buri munsi, igipimo cyo guhindura ibiryo, no gukoresha azote mu gihe bigabanya isohoka rya azote. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku mirire idafite poroteyine nyinshi cyangwa aside amine ikozwe neza.
Mu nkoko, inyongeramusaruro ya HMTBa-Ca ntifasha gusa kongera umusaruro, ahubwo inanoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya antioxidant, imikorere y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, ndetse n’ubuzima bw’amara. Mu nkoko zitera amagi, kuyikoresha neza bifasha mu gukomeza gutera amagi no kunoza ubwiza bw’amagi. Mu nyamaswa zo mu mazi, uko umubare w’ibikomoka kuri poroteyine ikomoka ku bimera wiyongera, ibura rya methionine rirushaho kugaragara. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko HMTBa-Ca ishobora kuba isoko y’inyongera, ikongera umuvuduko wo gukura no gushyira poroteyine mu mubiri.
Nk'intangiriro ya methionine, HMTBa-Ca ishobora guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya aside amine z'ingenzi n'imikorere ya poroteyine mu mubiri no kunoza imiterere y'umubiri binyuze mu kugenzura inzira zijyanye na metabolisme. Nubwo akamaro kayo muri rusange mu buzima kari hasi ugereranyije n'aka DL-methionine, iracyagaragaza agaciro kanini k'imirire mu nyamaswa zitandukanye. Mu buryo bufatika, ingano ikwiye y'inyongera ishobora gutegurwa mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro hakoreshejwe ibintu bihindura umubiri.
III. Uburyo bwo gukora
Uburyo HMTBa-Ca ikora ahanini bushingiye ku ruhare rwayo nk'umusemburo wa methionine ugira uruhare mu mikorere y'umubiri imbere mu mubiri. HMTBa-Ca ihinduka L-methionine mu nzira y'igogora binyuze mu bikorwa bya enzyme na mikorobe. Nyuma yaho igira uruhare mu gukora poroteyine, gukora imikorere ya karubone imwe, no kugenzura sisitemu zo kurwanya antioxidant (nk'ikorwa rya glutathione), ikagira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga uburinganire bwa aside amine no kunoza uburyo intungamubiri zikoreshwa.
Ugereranyije na DL-methionine, uburyo HMTBa-Ca ifata n'uburyo ikora ibintu bitandukanye gato. Imiterere yayo ya hydroxy analogue itanga ubushobozi bwo gukomeza, cyane cyane igaragaza imiterere imwe n'imwe ya rumen bypass mu matungo y'inyamaswa, ibi bifasha kongera uburyo methionine iboneka mu mara mato.
IV. Ubwoko bw'inyamaswa zigamije cyane
1. Ingurube (Ingurube zometse, Ingurube zikura zirangiza)
Mu mirire y'ingurube, methionine ni imwe mu aside amine zigabanya. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kongera HMTBa-Ca mu ndyo irimo poroteyine nke cyangwa aside amine ihagije bishobora kunoza ikoreshwa rya azote, bigateza imbere ubwiyongere bwa poroteyine, kandi bikagabanya isohoka rya azote. Ugereranyije na DL-methionine gakondo, HMTBa-Ca ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa na methionine mu gihe yongera imikorere myiza y'ikoreshwa rya aside amine. Ikwiriye cyane cyane mu kugenga imirire mu gihe cyo gukama no mu ngurube zifite inyama nyinshi zitarimo ibinure byinshi.
2. Inkoko (Inkoko zo mu bwoko bwa Broilers, Inkoko zo mu bwoko bwa Layers, Aborozi)
Mu mirire y'inkoko, HMTBa-Ca ikoreshwa cyane mu gusimbuza cyangwa gusimbuza igice cya DL-methionine. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko inyunganiramirire yayo ishobora kongera cyane igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’inkoko ku munsi no guhindura ibiryo byazo kandi ikagira ingaruka nziza ku bushobozi bwa antioxydant, ku bushobozi bw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, no ku buzima bw’amara. Mu nkoko zitera amagi, inyunganiramirire ikwiye ya HMTBa-Ca ifasha mu gukomeza gukora neza kw’amagi, kunoza ubwiza bw’amagi, no kugira uruhare mu kugenzura imikorere ya poroteyine na aside amine ya sulfur, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi cyane ku magi atanga umusaruro mwinshi.
3. Inyamaswa zo mu mazi (Amafi, inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa crustacean)
Mu biryo byo mu mazi, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibikomoka kuri poroteyine mu bimera, ibura rya methionine ryarushijeho kugaragara. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ko HMTBa-Ca ishobora kuba isoko nziza ya methionine mu mirire y’amafi (urugero, mu mazi yo mu nyanja, mu mirire y’amafi yo mu bwoko bwa trout), ikongera cyane umuvuduko wo gukura, ikoreshwa ry’ibiryo, n’uburyo poroteyine ishyirwa mu mubiri. Gukomera kwayo no guhinduka kwayo mu bidukikije byo mu mazi biyiha ubushobozi bwiza bwo kuyikoresha mu biryo byo mu mazi byakozwe.
4. Amatungo y'amatungo (Inka z'amata, Inka z'inka, Intama)
Bitandukanye n’inyamaswa zitari iz’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa “peer”, methionine mu mirire y’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa “peer” ikunze kugabanywa no kwangirika kwa mikorobe zo mu bwoko bwa “peer”, bigatuma imiterere myiza y’inyongera ya methionine iba ingenzi cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko methionine hydroxy analogues (harimo n’umunyu wayo wa kalisiyumu) ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwangirika kwa mikorobe zo mu bwoko bwa “peer”, bigatuma igice cy’urusenda rusohoka mu rusenda ruhinduka methionine ikoreshwa mu mara mato, bityo bikongera ubwiyongere bwa poroteyine ishobora gukoreshwa mu mubiri.
V. Umwanzuro n'icyerekezo
Muri make, HMTBa-Ca, nk'inyongeramusaruro nshya ya methionine, igaragaza ubushobozi bwo kuyikoresha mu mirire y'amatungo. Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza bugomba kwibanda ku buryo bwo kunoza imikorere yayo mu binyabuzima, kugena urwego nyarwo rw'inyongeramusaruro ku moko atandukanye y'inyamaswa n'ibice byo gukura, no gusuzuma ingaruka zayo hamwe n'izindi nyongeramusaruro mu mirire. Ibi bizamura imikorere yayo no kuyikoresha neza mu buryo bugezweho bwo kugaburira amatungo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-03-2026
