Isano iri hagati ya poroteyine, Peptide, na Acide Amino
Poroteyine: Makromolecules ikora ikorwa numurongo umwe cyangwa myinshi ya polypeptide iminyururu igabanijwe mubice bitatu-bingana binyuze muri helices, impapuro, nibindi.
Iminyururu ya Polypeptide: molekile imeze nk'urunigi igizwe na acide ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi za aside amine ihujwe na peptide.
Acide Amino: Ibyingenzi byubaka poroteyine; ubwoko burenga 20 bubaho muri kamere.
Muri make, poroteyine zigizwe n'iminyururu ya polypeptide, na yo igizwe na aside amine.
Inzira yo Kurya Poroteyine no Gukuramo Inyamaswa
Mbere yo kuvura umunwa: Ibiryo byacitse kumubiri no guhekenya umunwa, byongera ubuso bwigifu. Nkuko umunwa ubuze imisemburo yigifu, iyi ntambwe ifatwa nkigogorwa ryimashini.
Kumeneka kwambere mu gifu:
Intungamubiri zacitsemo ibice zinjiye mu gifu, aside gastricike irayitandukanya, ikerekana peptide. Pepsin noneho igabanya poroteyine mo polypeptide nini ya molekile nini, hanyuma ikinjira mu mara mato.
Gusya mu mara mato: Trypsin na chymotrypsin mu mara mato bikomeza kumenagura polypeptide mo peptide nto (dipeptide cyangwa tripeptide) na aside amine. Izi noneho zinjizwa mu ngirabuzimafatizo zo mu nda binyuze muri sisitemu yo gutwara aside amine cyangwa sisitemu ntoya yo gutwara peptide.
Mu mirire y’inyamaswa, ibice byombi bya poroteyine hamwe na peptide ntoya ya peptide itunganya bioavailable yibintu bya mikorobe binyuze muri chelation, ariko biratandukanye cyane muburyo bwo kubyakira, gutekana, hamwe nibishobora gukoreshwa. Ibikurikira bitanga isesengura rigereranya riva mubice bine: uburyo bwo kwinjiza ibintu, imiterere yimiterere, ingaruka zikoreshwa, hamwe nibintu bikwiye
1. Uburyo bwa Absorption Mechanism:
| Ikigereranyo | Intungamubiri za poroteyine | Ibikoresho bito bya Peptide |
|---|---|---|
| Ibisobanuro | Chelates ikoresha poroteyine za macromolekulari (urugero, proteine y’ibimera ya hydrolyzed, proteine ya cyy). Iyoni z'ibyuma (urugero, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺) zikora guhuza imirongo hamwe na carboxyl (-COOH) hamwe na amino (-NH₂) amatsinda ya aside amine. | Koresha peptide ntoya (igizwe na acide ya amino 2-3) nk'abatwara. Iyoni yicyuma ikora neza itanu cyangwa itandatu-igizwe nimpeta ya chelates hamwe nitsinda rya amino, amatsinda ya carboxyl, hamwe nitsinda ryuruhererekane. |
| Inzira yo gukuramo | Saba gusenyuka ukoresheje protease (urugero, trypsin) mu mara mo peptide ntoya cyangwa aside amine, ukarekura ion zicyuma. Izi ion noneho zinjira mumaraso zinyuze mu gukwirakwiza pasiporo cyangwa gutwara ibintu binyuze mu miyoboro ya ion (urugero, DMT1, abatwara ZIP / ZnT) ku ngirabuzimafatizo zo mu nda. | Irashobora kwinjizwa nka chelates idahwitse binyuze muri peptide itwara peptide (PepT1) kuri selile epithelial selile. Imbere muri selire, ion yicyuma irekurwa na enzymes internacellular. |
| Imipaka | Niba ibikorwa byimisemburo yimyunyungugu idahagije (urugero, mubikoko bito cyangwa munsi ya stress), imikorere ya proteine yamenetse iba mike. Ibi birashobora gutuma habaho guhungabana hakiri kare imiterere ya chelate, bigatuma ioni ibyuma bihuzwa nibintu birwanya imirire nka phytate, kugabanya imikoreshereze. | Kwanduza amara kubuza amara (urugero, biva kuri acide phytique), kandi kwinjiza ntabwo bishingiye kubikorwa bya enzyme igogora. By'umwihariko bikwiriye inyamaswa zikiri nto zifite sisitemu zo kurya zidakuze cyangwa inyamaswa zirwaye / zacitse intege. |
2. Ibiranga imiterere nuburyo buhamye:
| Ibiranga | Intungamubiri za poroteyine | Ibikoresho bito bya Peptide |
|---|---|---|
| Uburemere bwa molekile | Kinini (5.000 ~ 20.000 Da) | Ntoya (200 ~ 500 Da) |
| Chelate Bond Imbaraga | Imirongo myinshi ihuza imirongo, ariko ihinduka ryimikorere ya molekulari iganisha muri rusange gushikama. | Ihinduka ryoroshye rya peptide ryemerera gukora imiterere yimpeta ihamye. |
| Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwivanga | Birashoboka kwanduzwa na acide gastricike no guhindagurika mumara pH. | Acide ikomeye kandi irwanya alkali; umutekano muke mubidukikije. |
3. Ingaruka zo gusaba:
| Icyerekana | Poroteyine | Peptide Ntoya |
|---|---|---|
| Bioavailability | Biterwa nibikorwa bya enzyme igogora. Bikora neza mubikoko byiza bikuze, ariko imikorere iragabanuka cyane mubikoko bito cyangwa bihangayitse. | Bitewe n'inzira yo kwinjirira itaziguye hamwe nuburyo butajegajega, ibintu bioavailable iri hejuru ya 10% ~ 30% kurenza iyo proteine chelates. |
| Kwagura imikorere | Ugereranije imikorere idahwitse, cyane cyane nkibintu bitwara ibintu. | Peptide ntoya ubwayo ifite imirimo nko kugenzura ubudahangarwa nigikorwa cya antioxydeant, itanga ingaruka zikomeye zo guhuza imbaraga hamwe nibintu (urugero, peptide ya Selenomethionine itanga seleniyumu hamwe nibikorwa bya antioxydeant). |
4. Ibintu bikwiranye nibitekerezo byubukungu:
| Icyerekana | Intungamubiri za poroteyine | Ibikoresho bito bya Peptide |
|---|---|---|
| Inyamaswa zibereye | Amatungo akuze afite ubuzima bwiza (urugero, kurangiza ingurube, gutera inkoko) | Inyamaswa zikiri nto, inyamaswa zihangayitse, ubwoko bwamazi butanga umusaruro mwinshi |
| Igiciro | Hasi (ibikoresho bibisi byoroshye kuboneka, inzira yoroshye) | Hejuru (igiciro kinini cya synthesis ya peptide no kweza) |
| Ingaruka ku bidukikije | Ibice bitabujijwe gusohora imyanda, bishobora kwanduza ibidukikije. | Igipimo kinini cyo gukoresha, ibyago byo kwanduza ibidukikije. |
Incamake:
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-14-2025
